Tuesday, April 29, 2014

Thimphu Quick Facts

Capital of: Bhutan
Location: Western Bhutan, in the Thimphu river valley.
Population: 100,000 (approximately)
Mayor: Kinlay Dorjee, he's apparently the first mayor (the first Mayoral election in Thimphu was in 2012).
Possible English meanings: Sinking stone or sink fly, apparently local legend has it that a stone was placed atop an ogress around here to prevent her from flying away. At least according to one source. Another suggested that it actually meant “Sunken” or “Sunken Valley,” which given its location would also make sense.
Some significant sights, or sites: Trashi Cchoe Dzong (Dzongs are fortress like monasteries that can serve a variety of functions in Bhutan, as well as Tibet), National Memorial Chorten (Chorten is the Tibetan Buddhist version of a Stupa), National Textile Museum, Changlimithang Archery ground and Staduim, Changangkha Lhakhang (another fortress like temple), Buddha Dordenma (a 50 meter tall Buddha statue).
Public Transportation: Its small enough to walk around, but there are taxis and infrequent buses. It is also the only capital in the world that has no traffic lights. Instead, the busiest intersection are managed by brightly clothed, white gloved traffic officers using elaborate hand signals.

Airport: Paro Airport (54 KM away), the only international airport in the country

Founding and brief history: Thimphu only became the capital of Bhutan in 1961, before that it was only a cluster of hamlets stretching out along the river valley. But there existed a population of some sort there well before 1600s, when Bhutan became a state in its own right. There was a significant battle in 1885, which was won by Ugyen Wangchuck, the first King of Bhutan's forces, on the site of the Changlimithang sports ground, allowing him to take control of the whole country. But he kept power in the traditional capital of Punakha, which about a three hour drive from Thimphu by car these days. Successive monarchs since Ugyen slowly paved the way from absolute monarchy to constitutional monarchy, through various reforms and decentralizations of power. The first Prime Minister of Bhutan was elected in 2008.

When I first realized Thimphu existed: I'm not sure, I can remember us looking for places to go after Taiwan and we stumbled across Bhutan, but I don't think we discovered Thimphu. We had previously watched a movie set in Bhutan called Travellers and Magicians. But I think Thimphu was simply referred to as the city in that. I think it was first apparent to us as the capital of Bhutan when Nancy was reading Beyond Earth and Sky by Jamie Zeppa in which the author recounts her time teaching in Bhutan. Incidentally Nancy is very interested in us doing the same thing (even more so since reading that book).

One interesting fact: The constitution of Bhutan states that the country can never be less than 60% forested.


References:





Thimphu

Kevin's favourite capital of the week (April 27, 2014): Thimphu, the capital of Bhutan
One of the most interesting reforms made by the Kings of Bhutan is the Gross National Happiness index (or GNH), which is supposed to measure and improve the happiness of the people of Bhutan. While it was first coined by the 4th King of Bhutan, the idea of creating happiness for the people goes much further back in Bhutanese history. In an early Bhutanese legal code there is a line that says: “If the government cannot create happiness for its people, there is no point for it to exist.” Happiness in this case I think might be better termed fulfillment as we know it. As the GNH paper goes through great pains to point out, the happiness sought is not the fleeting Western term, but a holistic all encompassing idea that is involved in every facet of life. Bhutan has used the GNH to navigate its way into the present, instead of the GDP, with, arguably, great success. Bhutan is after all known, when its spoken of at all, to be one of the happiest places on the planet. It is now a model that is taken seriously by other state governments around the world, as well as at UN Climate Conferences.
Unfortunately all is not well in the happy kingdom. Serval factors are currently threatening the future of Bhutan and its alternative paradigm to development. Consumerism is creeping in along with foreign investment. Though the country screens foreign businesses fairly heavily to make sure that they comply with GNH standards, they are also concerned about the growing numbers of young people flocking to more urban areas and shunning their agricultural background. Jobs in Thimphu are not in large supply and unemployment has become a real issue. Some of the Thimphu's English language newspapers have run stories about safety dangers and of beggars who are threatening to turn violent if they are not satisfied. Many analysts are suggesting that there will be a crunch time coming up for Bhutan, one that will have to be navigated with great care. It does appear that in this, at least, there are dedicated civil servants looking to find solutions. The Prime Minister of Bhutan, Tshering Tobgay, has stated that Bhutan is not yet fully true to the GNH ideal and that there is much that still needs to be done. He appears to be committed to doing just that and to beign honest about the less savoury elements facing the country.

 The least savoury of these appears to be the accusations of Human Rights violations against the Nepali speaking and Hindu Lhotshampa minority in the South of the country. A UNHRC report is due out on April 30th. Its findings may well test the willingness of Prime Minister to honestly face the unsavoury aspects of the country. Reconciliation is what must be reached for, no matter what the findings, not recrimination, if the beautiful idea of the Gross National Happiness Index is to continue to progress.

Sunday, April 20, 2014

Bandar Seri Begawan Quick facts


Capital of: Brunei

Location: On the Northwestern part of the island of Borneo, sitting on the Northern bank of the Brunei river, before it flows into the Bay of Brunei.

Population: 278,000 for the whole metropolitan area (almost 2/3 of the population of the whole country).

Mayor: I can't seem to find this out, perhaps that is something that the Sultan takes care of as well.

Possible English meanings: perhaps using the languages of Persian, Malay and Sanskrit you would get something like: Town of the God or Town of the abdicated Sultan (in honour of the Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah's late father, who abdicated in his favour, when he had grown to old). I couldn't find much in the way of reference to this besides Wikipedia though.

Significant sights, or sites: The Sultan's Palace (the largest residential palace in the world, according to the Lonely Planet it is 4 times the size of Versailles), Omar Ali Saifuddien Mosque, Jame'Asr Hassanil Bolkiah Mosque (both of which are stunning, at least by the pictures, google some, they're neat), the regalia museum and the Brunei Museum and Kampong Ayer the water village (a more traditional village on stilts in the river), the forest reserve and national park.

Demographics: Malay 65.7%, Chinese 10.3%, other indigenous 3.4%, other 20.6% (this is the 2011 estimate for the entire country of Brunei, I could not find one for the city of Bandar Seri Begawan).

Public Transportation: Taxi (teksi in Malay) and buses. Or your feet, its not that big a place (at least on a cooler day). Also, we heard from some people we had been there, Begawanese with cars are happy to pick you up and transport you if you are going the same direction as them, merely for the pleasure of conversing with you.

Airport: Brunei International Airport

Founding and brief history:
Bandar Seri Begawan was only named as such since 1970. Before that it appears to have been called Brunei town (Bandar Brunei). There seems to be no known founding date, but it is mentioned as early as the 7th century in trade with Tang China. At which point it was probably more like the small portion of the place that is called Kampong Ayer. Brunei, the Sultanate was a regional power in the 15th and 16th centuries and controlled a good portion of Borneo during that time. It successfully shoved off imperial advances by Portugal and Spain during this period as well. It did begin losing power and land after the 16th century though and by the beginning of the 20th century it was officially a British Protectorate and had shrunk to the size it currently is.
Bandar Brunei remained the outlet from which the Sultans of Brunei ruled and in 1929 with the discovery of oil within their territory, the opportunity to regain some of the former splendour of Brunei seemed achievable. British protection made little difference in World War 2 against the Japanese advance and Bandar Brunei was occupied from 1941-1945 by Imperial Japan. After the war as Malaysia became an independent state, Brunei opted out of the union, remaining under British Protection. Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah, became the Sultan in 1967 after his father abdicated. And in 1970 renamed Bandar Brunei to Bandar Seri Begawan, after his father passed away.
In 1984 Brunei became officially independent of British rule, leaving the state entirely in the hands of Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah.

When I first realized Bandar Seri Begawan existed: While we were planning our travels around Borneo after buying our copy of the Lonely Planet: Malaysia, Singapore & Brunei. It seemed like a place that would be cool to visit, but it turned out the we did not have enough time or money while we were on Borneo (Brunei is more expensive than Malaysia).

One interesting fact: Because most of Brunei's wealth comes from off shore oil, the country has not needed to cut down much in the way of trees, so, unlike neighbouring Malaysia, there is still a lot of jungle in Brunei, even right within city limits of Bandar Seri Begawan. This is actually jungle, not Palm oil plantations.

References:
The Lonely Planet Malaysia, Singapore & Brunei. 11th Edition. (Published Jan 2010).


Bandar Seri Begawan

Kevin's favourite capital of the week (April 20th 2014): Bandar Seri Begawan, the capital of Brunei.
The Sultan of Brunei, Hassanal Bolkiah, has stirred some controversy lately by putting into motion a plan that will have Brunei under a stricter form of the Shariah Penal code in two days time. The code will mostly only apply to the country's Muslims and has been used in a limited form for Bruneian Muslims since at 1991, but only in certain civil matters. There are some laws against the propagation of a religion other than Islam that will apply to all in Brunei, even extending to private schools. The secular laws of the country already mete out some harsh punishment, but the additional laws will go much further. Theft will now be punishable by the loss of a hand, adultery and “sodomy” by stoning to death (homosexual acts are already punishable by 10 years in prison). Other acts that can get one stoned to death will include insulting any verse in the Quaran, declaring oneself a prophet or a non-Muslim and murder. Human rights groups and the United nations have condemned the act as regressive and in breach of international laws. Stoning is, by such laws considered an act of torture. All this is odd in a country that has not put anyone to death since it became an independent nation.
According to an Independent article, the minority Catholic Filipinos who work in the country might not be allowed to baptize their children if the law against the propagation of religions other than Islam is really enforced. It is feared that this will be the case by 2016. Theft appears to another one that might apply to more than just the Muslim population, at least it seemed to be hinted that might be the case by Mufti Awang Abdul Aziz, Brunei's leading Islamic scholar. In a speech defending the laws, Mufti Awang Abdul Aziz, stated that potential tourists need not fear the laws provided they followed them. He noted that it was not likely that a tourist comes to Brunei with the intention of theft.

 It is unknown exactly what is motivating the 67 year old Sultan, who is mostly well loved by the people of Brunei, but there were some hints, perhaps, in his National day speech in February. He suggested that the laws were to help defend the people Brunei against the lack of morality that could be seen around the world due to globalization. The internet appears to be one of the best ways to see that lack of morality. In the speech he also condemned the criticism the laws were receiving via social media, such as Twitter and Whatsapp, and suggested that the people making these criticisms could soon be prosecuted. Other sources note that crime has been on the rise in the small Sultanate and this could be the reason for the harsher laws. Crime, though, seems to stem from a lack of jobs in the country and not from any moral bankruptcy. Perhaps things will be clearer in the future. Whatever the reason for this new imposition, I'm currently wishing we had visited Brunei while we had the chance.

Thursday, April 17, 2014

Las Vegas quick facts

Capital of: Gambling (less charitably: overconsumption). It also claims to be the entertainment capital of the world.
Location: the southern tip of the state of Nevada, close to Arizona. In the Mojave desert.
Population: 596,424
Mayor: Carolyn G. Goodman
Possible English meanings: It appears to mean Meadows in Spanish.
Significant sights, or sites: Pretty much everything on Las Vegas Boulevard, surrounding Las Vegas are some more interesting sights, like the Hoover Dam, the Valley of Fire and (a fair distance away) the Grand Canyon.
Demographics: White (non-hispanic): 47.9%, Hispanic/Latino: 31.5%, African American: 11.1%, Asian: 6.1%, Native American: 0.7%, Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander: 0.6%
Public Transportation: public busses, loads of cabs, a mono rail.
Airport: McCarran International Airport.
When I first realized Las Vegas existed: good question, probably when I was around 10 and we went there on a family trip with my Baka and Dida (my grandparents).


References:

Yea, not much research done...

Las Vegas

Kevin's favourite capital of the week: Las Vegas the capital of gambling (and over consumption) in North America. I was surprised to find it is not the state capital of Nevada, Carson City is.

Of course, the reason I chose this was because we were there over the weekend. Below are some thoughts and a brief account of our trip.
Being seasoned travellers, the first thing we did upon arriving at the airport was to try and find public transportation. There is actually a public bus from the airport to the Las Vegas strip (Nancy, asking questions, found this out fairly quickly). We found this bus and a waiting representative from the Las Vegas transit authority, who told us about the service and where to get off for the Strip and how to get tickets for the Strip bus service, as the bus rolled along. Her friend got off the bus with us and we talked with her along the way down the Strip until she got on the next bus. She was originally from Alabama, which was where she was arriving back from. She had been living in Vegas for three years now. We never did find out what it was she did though. We did find out that there was not much in the way of work in Alabama.
We walked to the Jockey Club, our hotel, while taking in all of the sights and sounds of the Las Vegas strip for the first time in at least 15 years (for either of us). The atmosphere is something that is hard to forget, and we both remembered the throngs of people, the lights and the sounds fairly readily. The walk is something of a blur in my mind.
We avoided the slimy concierge and his “welcome gift” at the Jockey Club by claiming fatigue and fleeing to our room. We later ran into a couple who had taken them up on their gift (presented after a nhour sales pitch for a time share) and were fleeing as well. I mentioned that we had avoided it and we were applauded on our foresight.
“You're smart folk,” the man said while his wife nodded solemnly.
We saved a fair bit of money in Vegas by making use of Groupon; we were quite proud of this. Our first night we paid $20 for $40 worth of food and drink at French burger bistro in the Paris. Paid $45 for a two for one all you can eat and drink at the Spice Market in Planet Hollywood and got two massive frozen daiquiri type drink for $21. We generally stuffed ourselves at every meal too. It is time for some serious work out now that we are home.
We watched the free shows that we could, the Bellagio fountain, the Venetian Streetmosphere, and so on. Hung out in the Bamboo pool at the Cosmopolitan (connected to the Jockey Club) and rented a car to go to the Valley of Fire out in the desert (where 4000 year old Petroglyphs were carved into the stone by ancient Anasazi peoples). We only lost about $60 in gambling stuff. And we generally wandered and enjoyed the atmosphere. We even thought of a clever way to avoid sales people bothering us. Since they always started with a “where are you travelling from?” type question we began to answer “Sri Lanka”. This would usually stop them in their tracks as they tried to process this, while we made our escape.
While we enjoyed our time, there were two things we thought about, probably more than we should have.
One was noticing race. It was hard not to notice that all of the many people standing on the road trying to hand out cards for some strip club or something, every single one of them appeared to be Latino. The same could be said of the cleaning staff. There were certainly some richer Latino people staying at the hotels that we noticed as well, but they were a lot fewer. There did appear to be a fairly clear stratification of race in Vegas, with White people on the top (all of the sleazy sales people too) African Americans in the middle (there were a lot of younger waiters and waitresses anyway) and Latinos on the bottom. We did not really know what to think of it, except that it was hard not to notice. I wonder if its something we should notice, or even write about, I don't know...
One final thing on race (that didn't bother us): all of the people I mentioned us talking to were African American, the transit lady, her friend, the couple that we talked about the Jockey Club gift with. They were pretty much the only people we talked to in situations that neither of us would have been forced to talk each other or where the person or people talking to us was expecting a tip after our conversation. We just talked for the sake of talking (besides the transit lady, who was also giving us info on the city's bus system). Should it matter the race of the people that we talked to? It probably shouldn't, but at the same time it is hard not to notice. Given how sticky racial politics can be, I wonder if its even wise to mention. I don't know, I really don't. I could go on back and forth with myself about this, but that would be boring and counter productive most likely. This is just something we noticed and hopefully will not be taken with any extra meaning attached.
The other thing that put a damper on us was a question that sometimes popped into our heads: is this really sustainable? The answer seems to be unequivocally no, given how low the Colorado River now runs, the gigantic fall in the depth of Lake Mead (which we observed after our trip to the Valley of Fire; the whole lake seemed to have dropped in depth by about 20 feet judging by the evaporation line) and all of the power and water that the Las Vegas strip uses. I don't really feel like looking into it further, because I'm sure its far more complicated than that and I don't have the time right now; also its probably depressing. I hope its not as black and white as it appears.

 One hopeful sign for us was when we took a random turn on our way back to the city and found a large solar panel array that apparently powered part of North Las Vegas. It was nice to see at least some implication of green energy in action. The desert is no doubt a good place for it. Perhaps if there were less water use in Sin City itself there might be hope yet. You never know...

Tuesday, April 8, 2014

Pompeii Quick Facts

Quick facts.
Capital of: Archeology?
Location: Near the Tyrrhenian Sea coast in the Campania region of Italy
Population: 11,000-20,000.
Possible English meanings: It is at least theorized that it comes from the word for the number 5 in the Oscan language.
Significant sights, or sites: The forum, many bath houses, the Temple of Apollo, the Villa of Mysteries, amphitheatres, etc.
Demographics: Around the middle of the 1st century, Pompeii would have largely housed Roman Patricians and Plebeians and slaves. Patricians the smallest number, slaves the largest.
Public Transportation: Feet or, if you were a patrician or rich plebeian a palanquin could probably have been hired.

Founding: Sometime around the 6th century BCE by the Osci people.
When I first realized Pompeii existed: I'm not really sure, probably well before I had much interest in history though. So quite a while ago, let us say.
One interesting fact: It is not, in fact, named for the famous Roman general Gnaeus Pompey Magnus (the great) as I had always thought.
One semi-related fact: According to Suetonius, a Roman writer famous for his work of biography: the 12 Caesars, the eruption of Vesuvius was one of the signs that Emperor Titus Flavius (who had only become Emperor a few months before) would die early in his reign, leaving the Roman Empire in the hands of his cruel and menacing brother, Domitian. Under whom Suetonius spent many years fearing for his life. Suetonius, of course, wrote his 12 Caesars after Domitian had been assassinated.

Recent news from the ancient town: Due to heavy rainfall, several of the ancient buildings in Pompeii were damaged at once last month, leading to an international outcry over the conservation of the site of Pompeii. There have been some squabbles and accusations of corruption over the care taking, but it looks like things are moving forward this month to monitor the site using satellites, with agreement from Italian technology and defence groups.

Brief history to the 76AD: Founded by the Osci in the early 6th century BCE, it changed hands from Etruscan, to Greek to Samnite before it came into the Roman sphere of influence. It along with all of the other Campanian towns rose in rebellion against Rome in 89 BCE and was almost immediately seized back for Rome by the general, later to be dictator, Sulla. After which it became part of the Roman Republic and then the Empire. At which point it became something of a tourist spot for wealthy patricians. In 62 AD, while the Emperor Nero still reigned, a massive earthquake hit the town, destroying many buildings. In 76AD some are still being rebuilt. They will also still not be rebuilt on August 24th 79AD, when the neighbouring mountain Vesuvius will erupt, covering Pompeii.

References:


Pompeii

Kevin's favourite capital of the week (April 6th): Pompeii (Circa 76AD), what can be called the capital of modern day archeology (with regards to the Roman Empire), or perhaps Italian tourism. Yea, I'm stretching the definition, just a tad.

As I have a dearth of time to do research this week I will do something slightly different:
From the Journal of Marcus Scintillus,
April 6th

Pompeii seems a boring place to me. It is so small compared to Rome. There has been nothing to do there since Vespasian became Emperor except loiter around in these small “vacation” towns. The only interesting thing that happens here is the occasional earth tremor, that all of Campania suffers from. They have made this dull life a little more interesting. The other day I was at a production of a Melissus play when one of those tremors occurred. It was quite something, the players were used to it and kept right on acting it out, even while some of the more cowardly amongst us in the audience were crying out in surprise and fear. Some even seemed ready to flee. Quite amusing. Almost more so than the play.
I have not been at all able to get my mind off the business of Rome, even though I go to the baths every day and to the brothel every night. I have gone to the temple of Jupiter to gain guidance as well. And yet this place does not help. Why go on a vacation at all? There is no good conversation to be had here either! Well I will bring back some Samnite art for Velnia at least.

April 7th
I went to the gladiators contest today. Does one need to be a slave these days to be gain martial favour? I ask you dear journal, why is there no glory left to be had? Oh dear, perhaps too much wine.

April 8th
I feel a bit of pity for the slave that had to clean up my room this morning. I did leave it something of a mess didn't I. Well no matter. Soon I'm back to Rome and true civilization. And something to challenge this large mind of mine.
I spoke to a Pleb today about his business here. I wonder how they live with so little. How odd. I'm happy that the gods blessed me enough to allow me to be born into a real family.