Sunday, March 30, 2014

Hyrule Castle Quick Facts

Capital of: Hyrule
Location: generally around the centre of the land of Hyrule (though this does change from game to game)
Population: unknown, though it seems to vary depending on the carrying capacity of the video game console each game (and subsequently slice Hyrulean of time) appears on. For a better calculation of population statistics in Hyrule check this out: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x9Rl9Gz2ikQ
Mayor: Does not appear to have one. As it is the seat for the Hyrulean royal family, I believe they take care of the administration of the town (and of course the castle).
Origins of the name: The name Hyrule comes from the the name Hylia, which is the name of the Goddess left in charge of the protection of the world after the 3 creator Goddesses left back into the heavens. The main race of Hyrule (Hyruleans or Hylians) all supposedly have the magical blood of this goddess flowing through them. I could not find where the name Hyrule (ハイラル Hairaru, in Japanese) comes from, at least not in the real world.
Demographics: various creatures besides the Hylians, the ones most often around are, the Gorons (sumo wrestler like mountain dwelling creatures), the Zoras (aquatic humanoids) and the fairies (your traditional fantasy version).
Founded: sometime after the end of the events of the game The Skyward Sword. Or in real world history, by Shigeru Miyamoto when he and others at Nintendo created the first Legend of Zelda game in 1986.
Public transportation: your feet (or flippers or wings)
Significant sites or sights in Hyrule (in various games): The Temple of Time, Kakariko Village, The Lost Woods, Death Mountain, Lake Hylia, The Triforce Triangle and the Castle itself.
When I first heard of Hyrule: when I was around 7 and played the first Legend of Zelda game on my Nintendo.
Interesting facts about the Legend of Zelda games: The creator of the games Shigeru Miyamoto, who is considered the father of modern video games (the Mario games are also credited to him), says that the inspiration for the Legend of Zelda came from his time exploring the forest around his home in Sonobe (a town just North of Kyoto), Japan. On one of his many ventures into this wilderness he came upon a cave. He did not know where the cave would lead him, but after days of wondering about it he entered and explored it with a lantern. Almost every Zelda game I can think of has a least one part where Link must explore a cave, and he can only do so with the aid of an oil lantern (I get the feeling that Miyamoto had an electric lantern though). Miyamoto has also mentioned that Princess Zelda (for whom all the games are named) gets her name from Zelda Fitzgerald, because it was a name that Miyamoto found to be “pleasant and significant.”

References:


Hyrule Castle

Kevin's Favourite capital of the week: Hyrule Castle (and surrounding town), the capital of the land of Hyrule in the Legend of Zelda video game universe (created by Nintendo).

The Legend of Zelda is one of Nintendo's most successful franchises, having to date 16 games in its cannon. There are several spin-off games, a short run TV show, many comic and manga adaptions (including a complete history of the land of Hyrule) and a four movement orchestral symphony of its music also making the rounds. A 17th game for the cannon is in the works as we speak and should be released on the Wii U console by the end of this year (possibly). I am not sure where this game will fall chronologically in the very abridged history of Hyrule I have below. The games have always had three characters in common: Link (the silent Hero), Zelda (the benevolent princess and often summoner of the Hero) and Ganon/Ganondorf/Demise (the demon lord in all his various forms). These three are forever locked in an eternal war for the peace (or lack thereof) of Hyrule, and for the Triforce Triangle, that helps maintain (or destroy) that peace. Maybe not the most original of story ideas, but certainly compelling, especially in the interest of creating more video games.

A note about Hyrulean history: up until the release of the Hyrule Historia (the official history of Hyrule by Nintendo) there was little agreement on the chronological order of the games, and a lot of theories. With the December 2011 release of the Historia, much was clarified.

An abridged history of the Land of Hyrule:
The land of Hyrule was created by the 3 Golden Goddesses who, upon this creation, left for the heavens. They did however, leave a symbol of their power, in the form of the Triforce triangles, which could grant the wishes of any who could master it, provided their spirits were balanced. The triangles that made up the Triforce were: courage, power and wisdom (one for each of the respective goddesses that made them). They left the goddess Hylia in charge of the world. Hylia was also given Triforce, though she could not wield it as it was a tool only for mortals.
It was not long before Hylia was challenged for control by the demon lord Demise. Demise gathered an army of monsters and launched a surprise attack, from out of the bowels of the earth on the unsuspecting inhabitants of Hyrule, in an attempt to draw out the goddess and gain the power she possessed. The attack caught most off guard and many were killed. The goddess used her power to send the surviving humans and the Triforce to sky on large a piece of land, out of reach of Demise and his followers, before sealing him away with the help of the five land tribes of creatures who could not go aloft with the humans. The goddess suffered grave injury from her battle with Demise and, knowing her seal was only a temporary (albeit thousands of years temporary) thing, she set a plan into action, that would reach fruition, should Demise ever escape his prison. She hid the Triforce away on a floating island in the realm now called Skyloft, and prepared a sword imbued with her ebbing power and only waiting for her chosen hero to draw it out. To that end, Hylia gave up her form as a goddess and set herself to be reborn a human, when the seal on Demise was weakest. She would be reborn as the Princess Zelda, thousands of years later, in the Skyloft kingdom.
For the sake of not completely ruining the story line of the game the Skyward Sword, I will be rather brief here. When Demise's seal is at its weakest and Hylia (now Zelda) is reborn, so too is the hero she expected. The two attempted to keep Demise sealed away, but with the help of his own servants, Demise managed to break free. In a pitched battle between hero and demon king the hero defeats and kills Demise. But Demise's spirit is too strong to simply go away and he warns Link (the hero) that he will always return in some form, to eventually have his dominance of the world. So the cycle of rebirths for the spirit of the hero, the blood of the goddess and the spirit of hate begins.
With the defeat of the Demise, the land in the sky returned to the ground and, after some disorientation and chaos, a new age of prosperity began. A wise sage named Rauru sealed away the Triforce as well as the hero's sword (now the Master Sword) in the Sacred Realm and sealed the entrance to that in the Temple of Time (something that was integral to the defeat of Demise), to insure continued peace and prosperity throughout the land.
As time passed Hyrule, continued to prosper, despite some infrequent incursions made by evil forces. There was always a hero who rose to help Hyrule weather the storm. But, it was rare that the Triforce was threatened and Hyrule did not see any true threat to itself. The only thing that might have represented Demises return was a sorcerer named Vaati. Who was defeated twice (in the games The Minish Cap and The Four Swords). And more time passed until complacency turned to greed and a civil war erupted in Hyrule.
There was no known reason for this to happen and it took some time for the king to restore order. In this time an unnoticed evil crept in, in the form of Ganondorf. Also unnoticed was the birth of a baby boy in a forest, who would grow up to be the Hero of Time, Link. Though apparently he did not grow up fast enough.
In the newly calm again Hyrule, Ganondorf attempted to gain access to the Sacred Realm and the Triforce. Needing the Ocarina of Time, an object possessed by the Princess Zelda, he attempted to steal it from her. But Zelda tricked Ganondorf and got the Ocarina to Link. Link played the Ocarina, as instructed, in front of the alter in the Temple of Time and was able to pull the Master Sword from its alter, which was through a door of time in the Temple of Light. Unfortunately Link was too young to properly wield the sword and he was sealed in the Temple for seven years until he was old enough and strong enough to wield the Master Sword. In that intervening time Ganondorf, had gained access to the Triforce of power, had conquered Hyrule and it appeared to many that all hope was lost. Link, following the instructions left to him by Zelda and others, set about cleansing the world of the evil that Ganondorf had set upon it, until all that was left for him to defeat was Ganondorf himself. Link met and defeated him but on his defeat, Ganondorf transformed into Ganon (pure hatred one might say) at this point Link manages to weaken him enough so that he can be sealed away by the sages and Zelda.
And here is where things get a bit messy for the timeline. Because Zelda then sent Link back to his own time and to his child self, a branch in the timeline of Hyrule was created. Since Ganondorf was unable to gain access to the Sacred Realm, since the child Link in this timeline warned the nobles of the tragic future Ganondorf would cause, he was defeated by normal means and sent to the Twilight realm. This branch brings about the events of the games: Majora's Mask, The Twilight Princess and Four Swords Adventure.
Yet the future created by the hero of Time defeating Ganon was also formed and leads to the stories that are in the games: The Wind Waker, The Phantom Hourglass and Spirit Tracks.
There is a third branch in the timeline as well, one in which Link is defeated by Ganondorf, who is sealed in the corrupted Sacred Realm by the sages and leads to the events in the games: A Link to the Past, Link's Awakening, A Link Between Worlds, The original Nintendo Legend of Zelda games (1 and 2) and Oracle games.
This seems to be a good place to end. History of places don't tend to split in 3 after a certain point and makes for difficulty in continuing a history (even an abridged one). Also I've written way more than I expected.
You can be assured though, that in all of the timelines, the three souls locked in eternal struggle will continue to appear.

Now if you'll excuse me, I think I'm going to go play one of those games.

Sunday, March 23, 2014

Riga Quick facts

Capital of: Latvia
Location: Where the Daugave River feeds into the bay of Riga, which opens into the Baltic Sea
Population: 695,539 (on July 1st 2013 according to the City Website)
Mayor: Nils Ušakovs (I feel the need to note that he is only 37)
Possible English meanings: Loop, referring the to the shape of the coast that Riga lies on; or Threshing barn, thanks to it being an East-West trade route.
Significant sights, or sites: Museum of the Occupation of Latvia, Swedish Gate, St. Peter's, Freedom Monument, Central Market, Latvian Ethnographic Open-Air Museum, Museum of History of Riga and Navigation, Riga Castle.
Demographics: (2011 census data): Latvians 46.33%, Russians 40.21%, Belarusians 3.88%, Ukrainians 3.45%, Poles 1.85%, Lithuanians 0.83%, other ethnicities 3.46%
Public Transportation: There are Street cars, buses and and Trolley Buses, as well as a passenger train that takes one, not only from the centre of the city to the outskirts, but also to the rest of Latvia and to other Baltic states as well as Russia. There are also boat tours around the port part of the city and a ferry that goes from Riga to Stockholm.
Airport: Riga International Airport (RIX)
North American sister city: Dallas (Texas), Providence (Rhode Island)
Sister Cities that Nancy and I have been to: Taipei (Taiwan)

Founding and brief history: Riga was officially founded in 1201 by Bishop Albert (with the help of some underhanded tactics that Romulus and Remus would have appreciated), but many sources note that was a Viking and Germanic trading post long before, perhaps dating as far back as 200 AD. It would appear that the first ethnic Latvians appeared in the area about the 11th century. Bishop Albert left the construction of a Christened city and returned to Germany with 30 important hostages in toe to assure the good behaviour of the local Latvian chiefs. Riga developed as a Christian town and then city that became important in trade routes once again, being on a big river that led eventually into Russia. Because of this Riga quickly became a free Imperial City of the Holy Roman Empire and member of the Hanseatic league and prospered further. But prosperity also leads to envy and Riga, between 1300 and 1900, came under the control or dominance of far more powerful (militarily) alliances. It changed hands from its Free city status to the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and then to Sweden and finally in 1710, after a siege, Peter the Great's Imperial Russia. Riga retained a fair amount of autonomy under all of its overlords and was the 3rd largest city (as well as the most industrially advanced) in Russia by 1900. After the first world war, Riga and what is now Latvia declared independence, which lasted until the Stalinist Soviet Union took it over in 1940 on the way to Poland. Nazi Germany took it over in 1941 on their way into the Soviet Union and the Soviet Union took it back over 1944 (on their way to Germany). With the fall of the Soviet Union, Riga and Latvia, once more gained independence in 1991. In 2004 Latvia joined NATO and the EU.

When I first realized Riga existed: not really sure, I was only vaguely aware of the Baltic states until we got the bit map in our apartment. I heard the Latvian capital's name when I was listening to the news about the supermarket collapse sometime in November 2013.

Initial research sources:
http://wikitravel.org/en/Riga
https://www.riga.lv/EN/Channels/About_Riga/default.htm
http://www.eunet.lv/Riga/history.html
In-depth research sources:


Riga

Kevin's Favorite capital of the week (March 23, 2014): Riga, the Capital of Latvia

One of the biggest stories out of Riga before it joined the Eurozone on January 1st 2014 was the collapse of a supermarket that killed 54 people and injured 41 others, and also precipitated the resignation of the then prime minister, Valdis Dombrovskis. The supermarket was apparently not built to regulatory standards and was not noticed by those who should have. Thoughts on the Latvian government's effectiveness are not kind from the view of most news agencies.
Thoughts about regulatory restructuring and management have been put on hold by most officials in Riga though, with the advent of the Ukraine crisis and the annexing of Ukraine's Crimean peninsula by Latvia's gigantic Eastern neighbour, Russia. As Lativia, until 1991, was part of the USSR and there is a large Russian minority in Latvia, Russian president, Vladimir Putin's talk of “being the president (and “protector”) of all Russian speakers” regardless of where they live, is likely jangling some nerves in Riga. Given that a large amount of trade is done between Russia and Latvia, the sanctions that the EU is intending to impose on trade with Russia, will not help Latvia's situation. Perhaps adding to the tensions, US Vice President Joe Biden, recently announced the possibility of the US sending ground troops to the Baltics (including Latvia) to help bolster the Eastern NATO allies against Russian aggression. This came after the sending of a dozen F16 jets to Polish air bases and the expanding of US military training in Poland to help its army modernize.
Back in Latvia, there has been constant tensions growing between the Latvian majority and the Russian speaking minority (some of whom can barely speak Latvian), since independence. Not helping with this cultural clash is the, now former, Latvian Environment minister and member of the (Latvian Nationalist) National Alliance (NA) party, Einars Cilinskis, who was recently fired from his post by the Prime Minister, Laimdota Straujuma (the first woman to be so in Latvia), for joining a march of Latvian veterans who fought in the Waffen SS Nazi units during World War 2, through the streets of Riga. Many Latvians do consider the veterans heroes, as they fought against the Soviet Union to free Latvia. There is no need to mention that the veterans were all ethnically Latvian and probably not huge fans of Russians, especially the sizable Russian minority in Latvia. Like all nationalist parties, the NA plays on the fears of the majority and uses them to try and pass discriminatory laws, fortunately they only 14 seats in parliament. They will not likely be helpful in Latvia's relations with Russia in these precarious times. Hopefully Mr. Putin will not decide that such parties being allowed in state politics in Latvia poses a threat to his fellow Russians there.

 We would like to go to Riga some day, but perhaps this would not be the best year to do it. Perhaps 2015 will be a less tense year for Riga and hopefully still part of an independent Latvia.

Sunday, March 16, 2014

Kuala Lumpur Quick Facts

Capital of: Malaysia.
Population: 1,627,172
Mayor: Ahmad Phesal Talib
State government District: Putrajaya (25 Km south of city centre)
Founded: Early 1850s
English Meaning of Name: "Muddy Confluence"
Significant sights or sites: The Petronas Towers, Suria KLCC (below the towers), Jamek Mosque, National Mosque, Batu Caves, Museum of Islamic Art, National Musuem, The KL Tower, KL Bird Park, Lake gardens, Petaling Street/Chinatown.
Demographics (as of 2010): Peoples: 44.2 % Malay, 43.2% Chinese, 10.3% Indian, 1.8% other.
Literacy: 97.5%
Transportation: Bus, LRT, MRT, Monorail, commuter and high speed rail.
Main Public Transport Station: KL Sentral
Main Airport: Kuala Lumpur International Airport (KLIA)
North American Sister City: New York, New York

When I first realized KL existed: right after we bought an Air Asia flight from Taipei to Kota Kinabalu (KK) on the Malaysian part of Borneo because it was the cheapest flight out of Taiwan to Southeast Asia.  I proceeded, then, to look for a bit more information about country we had just decided to go.

Our First Impression (Since We've been there): When we arrived in KL it was just off a flight from KK, the largest Malaysian city on Borneo.  Night was just arriving as the bus from the airport dropped us off at KL Sentral and the many lights of the city blazed brightly.  I'm fairly sure we were able to see Petronas Towers outlined as we got off the MRT in Chinatown.  It was crowded, but not nearly as much as Taipei and the night market was in full swing as we passed through it on our way to our guesthouse.  I remember us both distinctly liking the vibe of the place

Kuala Lumpur

Kevin's favourite capital of the week: Kuala Lumpur, the capital of Malaysia (hey, we've been there!).
A whole lot of people who browse the news headlines were reminded of KL (as the locals like to call Kuala Lumpur), when a Malaysian Airlines (MH370) flight flying from there suddenly, and with no warning, dropped off the radar. The flight was headed to Beijing, but apparently turned around after its final communications with KL and headed back over the Malay Peninsula and over the Straits of Melaka. With this and the fact that the final transmission (“Alright and goodnight”) came after the Communication Addressing and Reporting System had been shut down on the aircraft, it seems certain that foul play was involved. Currently possible suspects include two Iranian nationals that boarded the flight with fake passports and the pilot or co-pilot. The Malay government is keeping their cards close to their chest on what exactly they are finding out, though they are cooperating with every other government that the plane was in flying distance from, plus the US and France, to try and find it. Najib Razak, Malaysia's prime minister has been making personal calls to all the heads of state he can to get this assistance. The plane has now been missing for 8 days.

 Razak and his government have not been idle in other areas, such as consolidating their power and making sure that political rivals are unable to ever win an election. A few days before the flight, the long suffering head of the opposition PR party, Anwar Ibrahim had his previous acquittal for charges of sodomy overturned, again, and was forced to face yet another appeal trial on the subject (there have been several). Yes, “sodomy” is still illegal in Malaysia and has been since it was a British colony. It is something that is rarely enforced and actually appears to only be used as a handy political stick by the ruling party, the BN. The overturning of the acquittal happened conveniently (for the BN), right before a critical bi-election, in which Ibrahim stood to become the governor of Malaysia's richest state (Selangor). This, of course, forced Ibrahim to leave the running. Wan Aziza, Ibrahim's wife (a political force in her own right) is now the candidate challenging the seat for him; this in not the first time she has had to do this. This will not likely end the career of the PR's leader, but it does appear that Malaysia's government has not dispensed with the same old tactics that it has used against its political opposition. I should point out that the same party has been in power in Malaysia since its independence; perhaps one day that will change, but it does not look like that day is any time soon.


Just to tie the two Malaysia stories together: The pilot and captain, Zaharie Ahmad Shah, of MH370 was apparently a PR supporter and went to the trial where the acquittal was overturned. A theory has circulated that Shah was profoundly upset by the verdict and perhaps hijacked the plane in protest. You never know, it could be true. It would certainly be a handy truth for the BN to use...